ABSTRACT
Mannitol-calcium chloride metal organic framework (MOF) cocrystal significantly improved the tabletability of β-mannitol and could be developed as a new tablet filler. However, mannitol monomer was found in the product during the scale-up production of the excipient, which significantly affected the functional properties of the excipient. In this study, we intend to quantify the multi-component eutectic system of mannitol-calcium chloride. In this experiment, the MOF cocrystal excipient mannitol-calcium chloride cocrystal was used as the model compound, and infrared spectrum was collected. Based on partial least squares regression (PLSR) method, the abnormal bands were removed and the spectrum was preprocessed by normalization. The quantitative correction model of mannitol-calcium chloride MOF cocrystal content in cocrystal excipients was established and compared by two different variable screening methods, genetic algorithm (GA) and competitive adaptive reweighting algorithm (CARS). Two different variable screening methods, GA method and CARS method, were used to screen out 160 and 14 variables, respectively. The mannitol-calcium chloride cocrystal model established by CARS-PLSR method had the best performance, and the average relative error (MRE) and corrected root mean square error (RMSEC) of the model were 0.008 8 and 0.892 5, respectively, the determination coefficient (R2) of the model was increased from 0.978 3 to 0.994 4. The quantitative method of eutectic system established in this study has high prediction accuracy, fast detection speed and good stability, which is of great significance for optimizing the preparation process conditions and quality control methods of such eutectic excipients.
ABSTRACT
Objective To establish a rapid prediction method of the antioxidant activity in aqueous extract solutions of Melastoma dodecandrum based on ultraviolet spectroscopy and partial least squares regression algorithm. Methods The DPPH free radical scavenging effect was used to characterize the antioxidant activity of aqueous extract solutions of Melastoma dodecandrum. The ultraviolet spectra of 190-600 nm were collected. The partial least squares regression model of antioxidant activity was established after optimizing the wavelength range and preprocessing method. The software was devised using Visual Basic as the integrated development environment to provide a convenient tool for the rapid determination of antioxidant activity. Results The optimal partial least squares regression model was established based on 200-290 nm as wavelength range and unit variance scaling as preprocessing method. The correlation coefficient of calibration, root mean square error of estimation, root mean square error of cross-validation was 0.887, 2.20% and 2.17%, respectively. The correlation coefficient of validation, root mean square error of prediction was 0.868, 2.08%. The average predicted recovery was 100.1±2.3%. With the predictive function in the software, the antioxidant activity of aqueous extract solution of Melastoma dodecandrum can be calculated automatically within 2 s after collecting the ultraviolet spectra. Conclusions This study provides a rapid method for the prediction of antioxidant activity in aqueous extract solutions of Melastoma dodecandrum.
ABSTRACT
<b>Objective::To establish the HPLC fingerprint of aqueous extract of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, and research the spectrum-effect relationship in diabetic cognitive dysfunction rats. <b>Method::The HPLC fingerprints of 21 batches of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium were established, with acetonitrile (A)-0.1%of phosphoric acid (B) as the flow phase for gradient elution. The detection wavelength was 270 nm. Acomparative analysis was performed for the results based on similarity evaluation, SPSS 24.0 two-dimension clustering analysis and SIMCA 14.1 principal component analysis of fingerprint software. Thediabetic rat model wasduplicated by one-time intraperitoneal injection with streptozotocin (STZ) at the dose of 50 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>. After successful replication of the model, thediabetic rats were given aqueous extract of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium by gavage. The blood glucose value was determined at regular intervals. The cognitive function was analyzed with Morris water maze experiment at the 12 week. Grey relational analysis (GRA) and partial least squares regression analysis were used to study the spectrum-effect relationship. <b>Result::Totally 16 common peaks of water extract of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium were confirmed, five substances were identified, and 21 species of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium of different varieties and origins were divided into 2 categories. Compared with the model group, the blood glucose of rats in each group treated with water extract of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpiumwere reduced, and their cognitive function was improved.According to the grey correlation analysis and the least partial square regression analysis, the peaks No. 19, 15, 4, 17 and 6 were significantly correlated with the cognitive function of diabetic rats. <b>Conclusion::There were some differences in aqueous extract of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium between different varieties and origins. It is convenient and fast to make a comprehensive quality evaluation of aqueous extract of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium of different varieties and producing areas by stoichiometry, and aqueous extract of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium can reduce the blood glucose level and improve the cognitive function of diabetic cognitive dysfunction rats, its mechanisms of action are resultedfrom the joint effects of multiple effective components, and peaks No. 19, 15, 4, 17 and 6 are components closely related to the cognitive function of diabetic rats.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: The effect of boiling, microwaving and aluminium (Al) foil-baking on composition of intramuscular phospholipid fatty acids of Inra rabbit was evaluated. Results showed that, the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)(e.g. C18:2n-6, C20:4n-6, C20:5n-3, C22:5n-3 and C22:6n-3) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)(e.g. C18:1n-7 and C18:1n-9) of treated longissimus dorsi muscle (LD) decreased, whilst the proportion of saturated (SFA)(e.g. C16:0 and C18:0) and n-6/n-3 value increased during cooking. Among the three treatments, microwaving can do better to stop the unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) being destroyed than boiling and Al foil-baking. However, boiling treatment did more serious damage to PUFA portion. Even so, the n-6/n-3 values of all of the cooked LD were within the recommended range. By analysis of partial least squares regression (PLSR), the microwaving treatment was more suitable in reserving UFA of intramuscular phospholipids from inra rabbit.
RESUMO: Avaliou-se o efeito do cozimento da fervura, emprego de microondas e de preparo da carne envolvida em alumínio (Al) de três formas de cocção na composição de ácidos graxos fosfolipídicos intramusculares de coelho Inra. Os resultados mostraram que, a proporção de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (AGPI) (por exemplo, C18: 2n-6, C20: 4n-6, C20: 5n-3, C22: 5n-3 e C22: 6n-3) e ácidos graxos monoinsaturados (MUFA) (por exemplo, C18: 1n-7 e C18: 1n-9) de longissimus dorsimuscle (LD) tratado, diminuem, enquanto a proporção de saturado (SFA) (por exemplo, C16: 0 e C18: 0) e n-6 / n -3 valor aumentado durante o cozimento. Entre os três tratamentos, o micro-ondas parace ser o melhor por impedir a destruição dos ácidos graxos insaturados (UFA) do que a fervura e o cozimento em folha Al. No entanto, o tratamento de ebulição causou danos mais sérios à porção de PUFA. Mesmo assim, o valor n-6 / n-3 de todas as amostras de LD cozidas estava dentro da faixa recomendada. Por análise de regressão por mínimos quadrados parciais (PLSR), o tratamento com microondas foi mais adequado para preservar UFA de fosfolipídios intramusculares de Inra coelho.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the therapeutic effects of different extracts of Eucommia ulmoides on Parkinson’s disease mice, as well as the relationship between ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) fingerprint and treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Methods Through the mouse climbing test and the content of dopamine (DA) in the striatum of the brain, the therapeutic effect of different gradient ethanol extracts of E. ulmoides on Parkinson’s disease mice was observed. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was used to analyze the fingerprints of different extracts of E. ulmoides. Combined with the results of climbing rod test and dopamine content, partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis was used to establish the pharmacodynamic relationship between E. ulmoides and Parkinson’s disease. Results The 50% and 75% ethanol extracts of E. ulmoides could significantly shorten the climbing time. The 75% ethanol extract of E. ulmoides significantly increased the striatum dopamine content in the brain. The results of PLSR analysis showed that ulmoside, liriodendrin, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, caffeic acid in E. ulmoides were closely related to climbing rod and dopamine content of mice. Conclusion The ethanol extract of E. ulmoides has anti-Parkinson’s disease effect, and the effect is most significant with 75% alcohol extract. The compounds of ulmoside, liriodendrin, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, caffeic acid may be the main active ingredients of E. ulmoides in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint,anti-inflammatory activity as well as the correlation between them in Speranskiae Tuberculatae Herba. Method: Fingerprint by HPLC was established on Speranskiae Tuberculatae Herba from different sources. The common peaks were evaluated on the basis of similarity evaluation together with hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Ear swelling induced by xylene in mice model was used to study the anti-inflammatory activity. Grey relational analysis (GRA) and partial least square regression analysis (PLSR) were used to study the relationship between the HPLC fingerprint and the anti-inflammatory activity. Result: The HPLC fingerprint of Speranskiae Tuberculatae Herba was established and 24 common peaks were determined,with the similarity above 0.907 (except for S2 and S5). Four peaks were identified by comparing to reference substances. The result of HCA showed that Speranskiae Tuberculatae Herba from different sources were clustered into four categories,in consistent with the result of PCA. Combined with discriminant analysis of partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA),three signature compounds represented by 5,6,7 peaks were responsible for the differences between groups. Different sources of Speranskiae Tuberculatae Herba differed in anti-inflammatory activity. The sectrum-activity relationship showed that the peaks 1,4,5,6,and 10 were positively correlated with the anti-inflammatory activity. Conclusion: The HPLC fingerprint of Speranskiae Tuberculatae Herba was established,and 5 components closely related to the anti-inflammatory activity were determined. The present study provide more comprehensive reference for quality control of the Speranskiae Tuberculatae Herba.
ABSTRACT
Ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was used to establish the chromatography fingerprint for aerial parts of Angelica sinenis(AAS) from 10 different places. Acetyl-phenyl-hydrazine(APH) was used to duplicate the mouse model of blood deficiency. Then partial least squares regression was used to investigate the spectrum-effect relationship between the relative contents and the data of enriching blood pharmacodynamics efficacy. The results showed that the three groups of high, medium and low doses of AAS had certain enriching blood activities(P<0.05), and the high dose group had the best effect(P<0.01). The contribution degree of the AAS to enriching blood activities of each common peaks were determined by PLS regression coefficient. Among them, 7 common peaks, including P17(unknown), P18(unknown), P19(unknown), P28(alisol B 23-acetate or its isomer), N5(luteolin), N11(1-caffeoylquinicacid,1-O-caffeoylquinic acid) and N14(unknown), contributed significantly to the effect of enriching blood activities. This paper dealed with the investigation on the spectrum-effect relationship between enriching blood activities and LC-MS chromatography fingerprint of AAS, and determination of the effective compositions of AAS with enriching blood activities. It provided theoretical foundation for the comprehensive development and utilization of AAS.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Angelica , Chemistry , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Mass Spectrometry , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Plant Components, Aerial , ChemistryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyze and study the characteristic variables of wavelength in near-infrared spectroscopy of artificial cow-bezoar. METHODS: A method of near-infrared spectroscopy coupled with competitive adaptive reweighted sampling(CARS) was performed in characteristic variables of wavelength screening for the qualitative and quantitative researches, respectively. RESULTS: Some characteristic variables of wavelength, 0.48%-4.44% of all variables of wavelength, were screened out by CARS for different models. Not only the number of variables for building models decreased significantly, but also the index parameters for evaluating model became better. CONCLUSION: This method is suitable for quality evaluation and quality control for artificial cow-bezoar.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the correlation of anti-osteoporosis effect of Hedysarum polybotrys and HPLC fingerprint. Methods Osteoporosis model was established through ovary resection of female rats to select the best part after performing ig administration with different extracts of H. polybotrys. The fingerprints of ethanol extract of ten batches of H. polybotrys from different habitats were established by HPLC. The partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis was used to explore the correlation between peak areas of HPLC fingerprints and efficacy. Moreover, the effects of active ingredient of H. polybotrys on the function of osteoblasts were observed. Results The ethanol extract of H. polybotrys was the most effective part. Nine common peaks of the active fraction were selected. Adenosine, calycosin and ononin in ethanol extract of H. polybotrys have been identified separately, among which adenosine and calycosin were positively correlated with the pharmacodynamic data, and ononin was negatively correlated with the effect of drug. Additionally, calycosin can increase osteoblast ALP activity. Conclusion The results indicate that anti-osteoporosis effect of H. polybotrys is related to various components, among which adenosine and calycosin have a certain contribution to this effect, and calycosin can also stimulate the differentiation of osteoblasts in vitro.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the anti-fatigue effects and the relationship between UPLC and anti-fatigue effects of different extracts of black Maca, and to provide a basis for clarifying the material basis of anti-fatigue effects of black Maca. Methods Anti- fatigue effects of eight different extracts of black Maca were evaluated through exhaustive swimming time, contents of liver glycogen, and lactic acid in serum; UPLC-Q-TOF/MS was applied to establish the fingerprints for black Maca from eight extracts; Using the anti-fatigue effects of exhaustive swimming experiment as pharmacodynamic indicators, spectra-effect relationship was analyzed by using PLSR. Results 60%, 80%, and 95% ethanol extracts of black Maca could significantly prolong the exhaustive swimming time of mice, with the effects of 95% ethanol extract of black Maca was the strongest; The treatment of 80% ethanol extract of black Maca significantly increased the level of depressed hepatic glycogen due to excessive exercise; Moreover, 95% ethanol extract of black Maca substantially decreased the serum lactic acid accumulation after loaded-swimming. A total of 23 characteristic peaks were characterized by HPLC fingerprints of eight different extracts of black Maca. N-benzylhexadecanamide, N-benzyl-5-oxo-6E,8E-octadecadienamide, 1,3-dibenzyl-2-phenyl-4,5-dimethylimidazilium, and N-octadecanamide were found to be positively related to the anti-fatigue effects with VIP > 1 in extracts of black Maca from PLSR analysis by using anti-fatigue effects of exhaustive swimming time as pharmacodynamic indicators. Conclusion 95% and 80% ethanol extracts of black Maca showed the obvious anti-fatigue function. It is clear that four components N-benzylhexadecanamide, N-benzyl-5-oxo-6E,8E-octadecadienamide, 1,3-dibenzyl-2-phenyl-4,5-dimethylimidazilium, and N-octadecanamide are the principal anti-fatigue substances in black Maca. The study has the contribution to to explore the material basis of anti-fatigue effects and provides new ideas for the omprehensive and reliable quality control of black Maca.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the correlation between UPLC fingerprints of triglyceride (TG)-lowering fraction of Crataegus pinnatifida fruit and its efficacy. Methods: In vitro digestion model for TG was applied to screen the TG-lowering fraction of C. pinnatifida fruit. The fingerprints of TG-lowering fraction of 12 batches of hawthorn fruits from different habitats were established by UPLC. And the partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis was used to explore the correlation between peak areas of UPLC fingerprints and TG content. Results: Flavonoids rich fraction of C. pinnatifida fruit exhibited stronger TG decreasing activity than other fractions. Eleven common peaks of the active fraction were selected. Peaks 1 (procyanidins dimers B), 3 (procyanidins C1), 4 (procyanidins dimers B), 5 (rutin), 6 (hyperoside), 7 (isoquercitrin), and 8 (procyanidins dimers B) had positive effect on TG decreasing activity, while peaks 2 (epicatechin), 10 (quercitin), and 11 (5-O-caffeoyl quinic acid butyl ester) had negative effect. Conclusion: The TG-lowering effect is closely related to flavonoids.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the proliferation of rat glomerular mesangial cells (GMC) influenced by different ethanol extracts of Tripterygium wilfordii HooK F.(TWHF).Methods:An HPLC method was used to establish the fingerprints of 5 different ethanol extracts of TWHF,and GMC was chosen to study the effects of different ethanol extracts of TWHF on cell proliferation.After statistical analysis,the spectrum-activity relationship was analyzed by using partial least squares regression(PLSR).Results:The HPLC fingerprints of the 5 different ethanol extracts of TWHF were established,and 32 characteristic peaks were characterized by the HPLC fingerprints.60%,70% and 95% ethanol extracts and glycosides tablets showed dose-effect relationship,and with the increase of dose,the more significant inhibition of cell proliferation was exhibited.The absorbance values of the 60% ethanol extracts at medium and high doses were lower than those of the other extracts at the same dose.The proliferation inhibition rate of GMC was used as the potency index and analyzed by PLSR,and 20 peaks were potency peaks at high dose(40 μg·L-1),17 ones were potency peaks at medium dose(20 μg·L-1) and 15 ones were potency peaks at low dose(10 μg·L-1).Conclusion:Part of the potency peaks has regular dose-effect relationship with the changes of dose.
ABSTRACT
Polyphyllin is the main active constituent in Paris which was a traditional Chinese medicine. In order to evaluate the quality of Paris rapidly and ensure the efficacy in clinical therapy, we quantified the contents of polyphyllin Ⅰ, polyphyllin Ⅱ and polyphyllin Ⅶ using infrared spectroscopy with partial least squares regression(PLSR). The method for evaluating the quality of Paris was established. Infrared spectra of 78 samples from various species in different origins were collected. The contents of polyphyllin Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅶ were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The HPLC data were combined with the spectral data to predict the contents of three polyphyllin rapidly. Multiplicative signal correction(MSC), standard normal variate(SNV), orthogonal signal correction(OSC), first derivative and second derivative were utilized for the spectral preprocessing. Then, the optimized spectral data were used to establish the quantitative prediction model based on PLSR. The results showed that the best spectral pretreatment of polyphyllin Ⅰ and Ⅱ were MSC+OSC+2nd Der and that of polyphyllin Ⅶ was MSC+SNV+OSC+2nd Der. In the quantitative calibration model, the determination coefficients (R²) of polyphyllin Ⅰ, polyphyllin Ⅱ and polyphyllin Ⅶ were 0.930 8, 0.934 8 and 0.912 3, respectively while the Root mean square error of estimation(RMSEE) were 1.855 0, 0.632 3 and 0.001 6 mg•g⁻¹, respectively. In the verification model, the R² of polyphyllin Ⅰ, polyphyllin Ⅱ and polyphyllin Ⅶ were 0.948 8, 0.703 6 and 0.801 7, respectively, and the root mean square error of prediction(RMSEP)were 1.704 6, 1.227 8 and 0.002 0 mg•g⁻¹, respectively. Because of the predictive value of quantitative model was closed to the real value, the effect of the model was good. The model of polyphyllin Ⅰ and Ⅱ were better than that of polyphyllin Ⅶ. The developed method was non-destructive, fast, and accurate. It was feasible to determine the content of polyphyllin in Paris.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To explore the active ingredients of wine fried Ligustrum lucidum fructus by studying the relationship between the HPLC chromatogram and antioxidant activity. METHODS: The characteristic chromatogram of wine fried Ligustrum lucidum fructus processed by means of classical homothermal acceleration was established by HPLC. DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods were established to determine the antioxidant activity. The spectrum-effect relationship was studied by using partial least squares regression (PLSR), and the chromatographic peaks related to antioxidant activity were identified. RESULTS: Peaks 1, 3, 8, 10, 14 and 15 were found to have positive relationship with DPPH free radical and ABTS free radical scavenging activity among the 17 matching characteristic chromatograms. Peaks 3, 8, 12, and 13 were significantly positively related to Fe3+ resuction capacity. Among the chromatographic peaks, peak 3 and peak 8 were positively related to the activities of scavenging DPPH free radical and ABTS free radical and reducing Fe3+. Peaks 3, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 17 were determined as salidroside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, specnuezhenide, oleuropein, ligustroflavone, and luteolin, respectively. CONCLUSION: The pharmcodynamic effects of wine fried Ligustrum lucidum fructus do not depend on the contents of several index components such as specnuezhenide and salidroside. The quality of traditional Chinese medicines should be represented by the compound groups associated with pharmcodynamic effect.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the correlation of HPLC fingerprint of Hedysari Radix and efficacy of improving immunity of normal mice, and provide the basis for finding bioactive components and selecting the index composition of quality control. Methods: The mice delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) model induced by dinitoflruorobenzene (DNFB) was used to study the effect and then to perform ig administration with different extracts of Hedysari Radix for selecting the best part. To study the correlation between fingerprint and efficacy and find out the effective substances foundation of improving immunity, the peak area of each common peak from HPLC fingerprint was associated with the date of improving immunity in the method of partial least square regression (PLS). Results: In ear swelling experiment, water extract of Hedysari Radix was the most effective part which could improve the immunity function. PLS was used to evaluate the correlation of effect of improving immunity and components of the water extract including adenosine, ononin, genistein, formononeti, and medicarpin, the index of compounds to characterize the quality of Hedysari Radix, showed the negative correlation with the effectiveness. Conclusion: A new method is established to evaluate the activity of enhancing immunity of Hedysari Radix. It is of practical significance as an effective approach for controlling quality and exploring the material basis for efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine compounds.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To establish rapid quantitative analysis models of multiple indicators for quality control in the concentrating process of Lvjiao Buxue Granule (LBG) by means of near infrared spectroscopy(NIRS). Methods: Thesolid content (SC), totalpolysaccharides concentration (TPC), and ferulic acid concentration (FAC) were determined by weighing method, phenol-sulfuric acid method, and HPLC method, respectively. Calibration models of them were established with partial least squares regression (PLSR)method. The established models were applied to predicting the unknown samples for testing the performance of the models. Results: The correlation coefficients (r) of SC, TPC, and FAC were all above 0.9450.The root mean square error in calibration (RMSEC) and root mean square error in prediction (RMSEP) were very close, and the relative standard errors of predictions (RSEP) were all less than 10%, indicating that the models predicted and performed well. Conclusion: NIRS technique combined with chemo metrics can provide a novel efficient and environmental approach for the fast simultaneous determination of key quality indicatorsfriendly, and havethe potential application value in the concentration process of LBG.
ABSTRACT
To develop a method for the rapid monitoring of five components during the alcohol precipitation process of Shenzhiling oral solution using near infrared spectroscopy(NIRS).The contents of five components detemined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) were used as the reference values, and the NIRS based partial least square regression(PLSR) models were used to monitor the concentrations of paeoniflorin, albiflorin, liquiritin, cinnamic acid and glycyrrhizic acid during the alcohol precipitation process of Shenzhiling oral solution, which were optimized and verified through comparing of different spectral pre-processing and variables selection methods. Determination coefficients(Rcal2 and Rpred2), root mean squares error of prediction (RMSEP), root mean squares error of calibration(RMSEC) and ratiao of performance to deviation(RPD) were applied to evaluate the performance of the models, and the corresponding values were 0.993 3 and 0.997 6, 0.084 9 g•L⁻¹, 0.073 3 g•L⁻¹ and 14.7 for paeoniforin; 0.991 4, 0.992 7, 0.028 1 g•L⁻¹, 0.030 5 g•L⁻¹ and 10.2 for albiforin; 0.955 3, 0.976 1, 0.012 0 g•L⁻¹, 0.012 3 g•L⁻¹ and 5.1 for liquiritin; 0.958 8, 0.990 3, 0.003 89 g•L⁻¹, 0.002 89 g•L⁻¹ and 7.1 for cinnamic acid; 0.982 0, 0.986 3, 0.053 8 g•L⁻¹, 0.059 0 g•L⁻¹, 7.2 for glycyrrhizic acid, respectively. The results indicated that the presented approach was effectively for the quantitative monitoring of the alcohol precipitation process of Shenzhiling oral solution.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the immunosuppressive components in Leigongteng Duogan Tablet (LDT). Methods: High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to establish the fingerprint for LDT from seven manufactures. The immunosuppressive effect of LDT was observed on Con A-induced mice spleen cells, and the cell proliferation and contents of IFN-γ were recorded. Then the partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis was used to investigate its spectrum-effect relationship. Results: The HPLC fingerprint for LDT from seven manufactures was established, and 18 characteristic peaks were confirmed. The in vitro cell experimental results showed that the proliferation of mice spleen cells and secretion of IFN-γ were inhibited by all LDT significantly compared with the control group. According to the results of PLSR, No. 1, 2, 6, 7, 17, and 18 peaks were strongly related to the proliferation inhibition of mice spleen cells and No. 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, and 13 peaks were related to the secretion of IFN-γ. Conclusion: The No. 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 17, and 18 peaks are the principal immunosuppressive substances in LDT.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the influence of the contents of nine ingredients in Wuzhuyu decoction on its own uptake amount into the everted intestinal sac, in order to blend Wuzhuyu decoction samples to improve the index of migraine model rats. Methods: The everted intestinal sac model was established to determine the absorption samples of 10 kinds of Wuzhuyu decoction. HPLC-DAD method was used to analyze the contents of nine ingredients in Wuzhuyu decoction and absorption samples quantitatively and semi-quantitatively. The partial least squares regression method was used to correlate the contents in the decoction and the total absorption quantity of nine ingredients. Results: In the experimental concentration range, the higher the concentration of limocitrin-3-O-β-D-glucoside, ginsenoside Rg1, 6-gingerol, and ruteavin in the decoction were, the more they were absorbed into the intestine sac, while ginsenosides Re, Rb1, limonin, evodiamine, and rutaecarpine were contrary. The interaction of different ingredients on each other's absorption was complicated. Conclusion: The above relationship should be considered to obtain the satisfactory samples of Wuzhuyu decoction.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the impact of regional economy on structure of total health expenditure. Methods: According to the panel data of China from 2002 to 2011, the partial least-squares regression method was used to build the relationship model of regional economy and total health expenditure construction. Results: Per capital GDP, the proportion of the tertiary industry, financial revenue per capita and urban residents disposable income have negative correlation with resident individual health expenditure, while the Engel coefficient has positive relationship with them. Conclusion: Optimizing industrial structure and raising the income of residents are the key factors of optimizing the structure of total health expenditure.